Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Factors, Environmental Impacts, and Applications
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Nanofluids، Thermal management، Nanoparticle stability، Energy applications، Environmental impactالملخص
Nanofluids, suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, have emerged as a transformative technology in thermal management and energy systems. This article explores the preparation methods of nanofluids, including one-step and two-step approaches, and examines critical factors influencing their stability, such as nanoparticle shape, size, Brownian motion, zeta potential, surfactants, and pH. The characterization techniques for nanofluids are discussed, alongside their environmental implications. The essay further highlights diverse applications, including solar energy, heat exchangers, refrigeration, transportation cooling, transformer oil, and electronics cooling. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review underscores the potential of nanofluids to enhance efficiency in various industries while addressing stability and environmental challenges.
التنزيلات
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Arooj Zehra, Asif Hussain Sheikh, Tahir ul Gani Mir (Author)

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